What are common symptoms of renal failure or uremia?

The symptoms associated with renal failure or uremia are primarily linked to the buildup of waste products in the blood and disturbances in fluid and electrolyte balance due to the kidneys' inability to filter effectively. The symptoms of weakness, itching, and lethargy are particularly relevant in this context.

Weakness is a direct result of the body's inability to eliminate toxins, leading to a general decline in energy levels and physical endurance. Itching, or pruritus, is frequently experienced by patients with renal failure and can be attributed to the accumulation of urea and other metabolic waste products that irritate the skin. Lethargy is another common symptom, as the buildup of these toxins can affect neurological function and overall vitality, resulting in a lack of energy and motivation.

These symptoms are indicators of how renal function impacts multiple body systems, especially in the context of uremia, which is the clinical syndrome of increased urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the bloodstream due to kidney failure. Thus, the combination of weakness, itching, and lethargy provides a clear connection to the effects of renal failure and aligns with the clinical presentations typically observed in affected patients.