What is the definition of uremia?

Uremia refers to a condition characterized by the accumulation of harmful waste products, particularly nitrogenous wastes, in the bloodstream due to impaired kidney function. The kidneys are responsible for filtering out these waste products and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. When they fail to perform this task effectively, as seen in chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury, the resulting buildup leads to various health complications, collectively referred to as uremia. This condition can manifest in symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, confusion, and can ultimately require medical intervention such as dialysis.

In contrast, excessive hydration in the bloodstream pertains to fluid overload, which is not the primary definition of uremia. An infection of the kidneys, known as nephritis or pyelonephritis, involves inflammation typically caused by bacteria, and is a different clinical scenario. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys impacts their function but is more accurately related to conditions like acute tubular necrosis or renal artery stenosis, rather than defining uremia itself.