Which of the following is not a modality of treatment for End Stage Renal Disease?

In the context of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), the primary modalities of treatment focus on methods that address kidney function, as the kidneys have significant roles in waste removal and maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance. Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation are all established treatments that directly replace or support kidney function.

Hemodialysis removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood through a machine, using a dialyzer to filter it. Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the lining of the abdominal cavity to filter blood internally, allowing for a different approach to waste removal. Kidney transplantation involves replacing the diseased kidney with a healthy one from a donor, aiming to restore normal kidney function.

Chemotherapy, on the other hand, is a treatment primarily used for cancer and does not relate to renal replacement therapies or the management of ESRD. Its purpose is to destroy cancer cells and is not designed to address the renal function or treat conditions associated with kidney failure. Therefore, it is not considered a modality for treating End Stage Renal Disease.